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Queen Cleopatra

A large area of the Mediterranean saw the blending of Greek and Roman cultures during the Greco-Roman era, which was a fascinating chapter in human history. Some of the most famous people in history were born during this time. The last pharaoh of Egypt’s Ptolemaic dynasty, Queen Cleopatra VII, was one of them. Cleopatra’s life, reign, and sad ending not only influenced Egypt’s dynasty but also became a legend in history. 

Background

Born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 69 BCE, Cleopatra VII was a member of the Greek-born Ptolemaic dynasty. Being well-educated, multilingual, and possibly the first Ptolemaic leader to learn Egyptian, was able to establish connections with her people. After her father died in 51 BCE, she ascended to the throne at the age of 18. Initially, she shared power with her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII. Cleopatra’s brother limited her power, which led her to exile. 

Relationship with Julius Caesar

To regain her throne, Cleopatra allied herself with Julius Caesar in 48 BCE. She notably had herself smuggled into Caesar’s palace, rolled up in a carpet out of desperation for help. Caesar was won over by her this bold move, and they both destroyed her brother’s army to restore Cleopatra as queen. Caesarion, their son was born due to their political and romantic relationship. Cleopatra solidified her position and rule with Caesar’s support. 

The Reign and Political Strategy

Following Julius Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE, Cleopatra aimed to shield Egypt’s sovereignty from Rome’s expanding power. In 41 BCE, she sided with Caesar’s ally, Mark Antony personally. Together, this couple gave birth to three kids. But their relationship was controversial in Rome because Octavian, Antony’s rival, used it to depict him as a traitor. In 31 BCE, Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium, bringing an end to their ambitions for the Hellenistic Empire. 

Legacy

Cleopatra’s legacy lives on as a testament to her leadership, political skill and intelligence. Her ability to preserve Egypt’s independence and handle Roman politics was her real strength. Even though she is also remembered for her beauty and her connection to Mark Antony and Julius Caesar. However, the Ptolemaic monarchy ended with her death. 

Cleopatra’s Death Reason

Following the defeat at Actium, Cleopatra and Antony returned to Alexandria, where they decided to suicide because Octavian’s triumph was inevitable. Antony committed suicide after Cleopatra’s death, and was frequently said to have been bitten by a snake. 

It is still unknown where Cleopatra and Antony’s tomb is located. It is thought to be in Alexandria while the precise location has never been determined. Some believed they might be buried beneath the modern city.

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